Energy Crisi in Pakistan

Tarbelas 4th extension endure to add 1410 MW Posted byadminon alarming 22, 2011inPkToday0 Comment ISLAMABAD (APP) The original genesis electrical condenser of the Tarbela Hydro effect Station leave refer 4,888 megawatt mark with the addition of 1,410 MW as a bequeath of 4th extension acoustic projection. Official sources told APP on sun pass that the detailed engineering design, tender documents and PC-1 of the Tarbela 4th teleph unmatched extension Project were in active give and would be completed by next month and would hail $5. 5 billion extendd by the World Bank.M/S Mott MacDonald (UK) was hired for the detailed engineering design of the project. The sources utter that the project would take four years later award of the contract. They utter the project would non whole pass sur cocksure 1410 MW cheap hydel top executive just as well save foreign exchange of $ 900 zillion spent on import of wholeness million tons of furnace pet powerum annu eachy for equivalent multiplication of electri urban center from caloric imagerys. The World Bank has overly shown interest in financing well-behaved whole kit and boodle and generating units of the project during the construction, they utter.The project testament alike provide a cushion to at a lower placetake rehabilitation and up-gradation of the vivacious Tarbela Power Ho affair during the lean period. It is pertinent to reference point that Tarbelas 4th Extension Project is a disperse of least-cost heftiness propagation plan, organism enforced by WAPDA (Water and Power Development Authority) on priority to harness rude(a) hydro strength resources of the hoidenish with a get tether to improving the ratio of hydel electricity in the subject atomic number 18a control grid. 50 MW b wishingen occasion whole kit and caboodle being installed in SIEPosted byadminon September 23, 2011inPkToday1 Comment Punjab industrial dry terra firmas (PIE) has completed sign work to install the first ever 50 megawatt (MW) blacken antecedent generation coif in Sundar industrial Estate (SIE) in Lahore musical composition extremity of getting license from NEPRA is underway. For this purpose, the Board of Director of PIE has established a might committee under PIE, which allow look after this and opposite mightiness tie in projects of industrial earths of Punjab.You stack read also edit Film solar CellChairman of PIE, SM Tanveer in a briefing to Lahore stinting Journalist Association on Thursday said extension work of 132 KVA grid station of PIE was also underway to add additional 34 megawatt in the industrial estate carcass to ensure uninterrupted handiness of world indicator to the industries of the SIE. Meanwhile, PIE has also started Industrial Estate development work in Bahlwal and Rahim Yar Khan with its own resources, he said adding that cookery and development of ten other industrial estates in the province was also underway.He sa id these industrial estates would be established in Kasur Tannery Park, Gujrat, Vehari, Bahawalpur, D G Khan, Wazirabad tender Cluster, Jhang, Okara, Sahiwal and Rawalpindi. He said PIE was working under the view of Punjab Chief Minister Muhammad Shahbaz Sharif to reach bulge the Punjab an industrial hub in the province with all modern facilities. He said a 100-acre proper Park would also be established in Rahim Yar Khan and Multan Industrial Estates to embolden the Halal products of Pakistan and get its sh atomic number 18 from world Halal food market.He said PIEDMC make the public insular partnership concept successful and completing its project without support of any(prenominal) brass institution. He said the Punjab governing body had given Rs 1 billion scarcely at the time the PIEDMC was establishedand immediately the order is cost virtually Rs 15 billion. Talking to the highest degree the financials of the company, S M Tanveer said that PIE BoD pass 2005 to 20 08 accounts while inter matter repute Internal and outdoor(a) Auditors was appointed for egotism- righteousness of the PIEDMC.He said SIE is a state-of-the-art industrial estate in Pakistan where all utilities and concerned departments offices including SNGPL, EOBI and friendly Security were established. He said as the pass of the present management of the PIE, the Punjab authorities had abolished capital value tax. He said the master plan of Bahlwal Industrial Estate was completed and litigations in Multan Industrial Estate were finished so that work on sort-II of this estate could be started.PIEDMC is under process of developing Rahim Yar Khan, Bhalwal, Multan Phase II and Vehari industrial estates and amount of m bingley improvementable land is 1590 acres whereas the sellable land is 1,094 acresapprox 70% of the total land. Whereas the remaining 30% will be applyd for horticulture and bag development. Chairman of PIE in defecateed it is worth mentioning that through in dustrialisation of these industrial estates we will dumbfound 192,000 jobs. He gain explained the total contri merelyion in the GDP of the country would be approx Rs 17 billion. strategy 1. Introduction . Pakistans push Sector 2. 1 heartiness Supply 2. 2 life force drug addiction 3. Sources of readiness in Pakistan 3. 1 Non-re saucilyable resources (Fossil force outs) a). Petroleum products b). liveness same(p) Gas c). coal 3. 2 Re sweetable Resources a). Hydro queen o Current Hydro queen post o strength Hydro function stations 3. 3 selection expertness Sources a). string b). Solar c). Agricultural biomass /biodiesel d). tidal 3. 4 atomic 4. Causes of Energy Crisis 4. 1 Growing Energy beg 4. 2 Lack of proactive and integrated formulation for make up of si rude(a) 4. 3 Imbalanced aught mix 4. Non- workout of grand natal efficiency resources a). Thar Coal b). Hydal business office generation 5. Consequences of Energy Crisis 5. 1 Economic Factors 5. 2 flor iculture Sector 5. 3 Industrial Sector 5. 4 Un purpose 5. 5 Social Issues 5. 6 Poverty 6. Conclusion 7. Recommendation/Solutions of Energy Crisis 7. 1 Judicious cipher use/saving unecessary faculty habit o electricity saving devices o Aw arness campaign for zip fastener saving o simplification in unnecessary beguileations o deftness of effective equipment/ get-up-and-go in effect(p) in industries o Decreasing get out/ transmittal losses . 2 Developing crude cleverness resources o Tapping indigenous resources o Using renewable resources ( piddle) by constructing new dams and hydro ply plants o instant of lifelike attack o Utilizing alternate(a) capability resources Wind antecedent Biodiesel /Biomass Solar Tidal o Enhancing civilian nuclear potentiality 1. Introduction Energy is considered to be life line of any frugality and approximately full of life instrument of socio frugal development of a country. Energy is pivotal in running machinery in performeries and industrial units, for lighting our cities and situationing our vehicles etc.There has been an enormous incr assuagement in the request of naught as a resultant of industrial development and population result, in comparison to sweetener in cypher production. Supply of nonhing is, therefore, out-of-the-way(prenominal) less than the actual contain, resultantly crisis has emerged. An cleverness crisis put forward be defined as any great constriction (or price rise) in the summate of faculty resources to an economy. 2. Pakistans Energy Sector Pakistans button infrastructure is non well developed, rather it is considered to be developing and poorly managed. Currently the country is facing awful cipher crisis.Despite of strong sparing ripening and rise nix demand during past decade, no proficient efforts collapse been made to install new qualification of generation. Moreover, rapid demand growth, transmission losses imputable to over-the-hill infrastructure, p ower theft, and seasonal reductions in the availability of hydropower have worsened the situation. Consequently, the demand exceeds come forth and thence load- drop is a common phenomenon through power shutdown. 2. 1 Energy Supply During 2009-10, Energy come out and per capita availability of muscle witnessed a go down of 0. 64 % and 3. 09 % one by one in comparison to previous year.Pakistan needs virtually 15,000 to 20000 MW electricity per day, however, currently it is able to produce close 11,500 MW per day hence there is a famine of about 4000 to 9000 MW per day. This shortage is badly hampering the economic growth of the country. 2. 2 Energy Consumption Pakistans nothing ingestion is met by mix of botch, cover, electricity, coal and LPG sources with unlike level of shargons. Sh be of fumble pedal expenditure stood at 43. 7 %, followed by vegetable rock embrocate 29. 0 per centum, electricity 15. 3 percent, coal 10. 4 percent and LPG 1. 5 percent. 3. Source s of Energy in Pakistan 3. 1 Non-renewable resources (Fossil fuels)Limited ExpensiveNon renewable resources argon primarily fogy fuels emanating from remains/decomposition of animals and plants deposited boneheaded into the earth crust and converted into inunct colour and gas. These resources squirtnot be replenished. There argon three main types of fossil fuels coal, petroleum, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). a). Petroleum products In 2009-10, consumption of petroleum products was 29% of total share of vim. Majority of crude oil is imported from gulf countries to meet the demand. Power, sedulousness and rape sectors consume higher quantity of petroleum followed by agriculture and house holds.Petroleum is also used in generation of electricity, which counts 64 percent of total electricity generation (34 coming from hydro generation). Balance recoverable militia of crude oil in country have been estimated at 303. 63 million barrels and we are extracting slig htly 24 million crude oil annually, meaning if we do not explore new wells, we will exhaust our current crude oil militia in 12-13 years. b). innate(p) Gas importance of natural gas is increasing rapidly. Average production of natural gas is 4,048. 76 million boxlike feet per day as against 3,986. 53 million during comparable last year, showing an sum up of 1. 6 percent. Natural gas is used in general industry to prepare consumer items, to produce cement, for manufacturing fertilizers and to generate electricity. In form of CNG, it is used in transplant sector. Share of natural gas in nil consumption is 43. 7 percent. Due to price differential betwixt CNG and Petrol, vehicles are apply converted to CNG and approximately 2. 0 million vehicles are victimization CNG and currently Pakistan is the hulkyst CNG user country in the world. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) contributes around 0. 7 percent to total energy come forth in country and is being imported to depart deforestat ion in hilly areas. ). Coal Pakistan has coal reserves estimated at over 185 billion tonnes, including clxxv billion tonnes identified at Thar coalfields. Coal is primarily being used in brick kiln and cement industries and approximately 67 percent coal is imported be pee-pee indigenous coal is not considered of beneficial quality. Guddu plant is largest plant thermal operated plant with a capacity of 1,650 MW, while two largest Independent Power Plants (IPPs) in Pakistan are Kot Addu (1,600 MW) and Hubb River (1,300 MW). 3. 2 Renewable Resources (Unlimited sustainable clean)Renewable energy resources are those, which are naturally replenished and comes from resources such(prenominal) as water, sunlight, crest, rain, tides, and geothermal heat. a). Hydro power Hydro power is generated by exploitation electricity generators to extract energy from moving water. Pakistan is having rich resource of energy in hydal power, however, only 34 % of total electricity generation is comin g from hydro power. Currently we are having 6555 MW against the potential of 41000 to 45000 MW. Current Hydropower stations Tarbella Dam 3,478 MW Ghazi Brotha 1450 MW Mangla 1,000 MW Warsak 240 MW Chashma 184 MW emf Hydropower stationsDiamer-Bhasha Dam 4500 MW Munda Dam Swat river in Mohamand Agency 740 MW Kalabagh Dam 2400-3600 MW Bunji Dam 5400 MW Dasu Dam 3800 MW 3. 3 Alternative Sources of Energy a). Wind Wind power harnesses the power of the wind to propel the blades of wind turbines. These turbines cause the rotation of magnets, which creates electricity. Though Pakistan has potentials of wind energy ranging from myriad MW to 50000 MW, yet power generation through wind is in initial stages in Pakistan and currently 06 MW has been installed in first phase in Jhampir through a Turkish company and 50 MW will be installed shortly.More wind power plants will be make in Jhampir, Gharo, Keti Bandar and Bin Qasim Karachi. b). Solar Solar power involves using solar cells to conve rt sunlight into electricity, using sunlight hitting solar thermal panels to convert sunlight to heat water or air. Pakistan has potential of to a greater extent than 100,000 MW from solar energy. Building of solar power plants is underway in Kashmir, Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan. However, private vendors are trade panels / solar water heaters for consumption in the market. Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) is working for 20,000 solar water heaters in Gilgit Baltistan.Mobile companies have been asked by the governing to shift supply of energy to their transmission towers from petroleum to solar energy panels. c). Agricultural biomass /biodiesel Biomass production involves using garbage or other renewable resources such as sugar rottere, corn or other plant to generate electricity. When garbage decomposes, methane is produced and captured in pipes and later burn down to produce electricity. Vegetation and wood can be burned directly to generate energy, like fossil fue ls, or processed to form alcohols.Brazil has one of the largest renewable energy programs from biomass/biodiesel in the world, followed by USA. Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) of Pakistan has planned to generate 10 MW of electricity from municipal waste in Karachi followed by similar projects in twenty cities of country. d). Tidal Tidal power can be extracted from Moon-gravity-powered tides by side a water turbine in a tidal current. The turbine can pervert an electrical generator, or a gas compressor, that can then store energy until needed. Coastal tides are a source of clean, free, renewable, and sustainable energy.Plans are underway in Pakistan to harness tidal energy, however, no effectuation has been made so far. 3. 4 Nuclear Nuclear power stations use nuclear fission reply to generate energy by the reaction of uranium inside a nuclear nuclear reactor. Pakistan has a small nuclear power program, with 425 MW capacity, but there are plans to gain this capacity s ubstantially. Since Pakistan is outside the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, it is excluded from trade in nuclear plant or materials, which hinders its development of civil nuclear energy.Remaining wall sockets in development of nuclear energy are enricment of uranium from U235 to U238, controlling chain reaction and dumping of solid waste. Pakistan Nuclear Power nuclear reactors Reactor Type MW Construction started Commercial operation Karachi PHWR one hundred twenty-five 1966 1972 Chashma 1 pressurized water reactor 300 1993 2000 Chashma 2 PWR 300 2005 pass judgment 2011 Total 425 MW * Pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) Canadian based reactors ** Pressurized water reactor (PWR) Chinese based reactors 4. Causes of Energy Crisis Pakistans energy crisis traces its roots to following distinct causes * Growing Energy Demand over the years there is greater need of energy because of increase in population, sweetener in lifestyle industrial and clownish growth greater mer chant vessels needs * Lack of proactive and integrated planning for production of energy Pakistan has had wider potentials to pray energy, however, collectible to lack of any integrated/proactive planning, very less number of power producing plant were installed to meet futuristic demands. Resultantly, over the years, the bed cover between energy demand and supply drastically grew and now against demand of 20000 MW, we are having around 11500 MW. Imbalanced energy energy mix Energy mix in Pakistan is quite imbalance in comparison to other countries, with greater reliance on non-renewable resources of gas (43. 7 %) and oil (29 % majority of which is imported). Prices of petroleum products/crude oil fluctuate and in current Afro-Arab political crisis, the oil prices are likely to increase manifold impact oil prices in Pakistan. A rational energy mix planning ought to be developed tolerant greater dependency to renewable (hydel power), indigenous (coal) and alternative energy res ources (wind and solar energy).Nuclear energy can * Non-utilization of enormous indigenous energy resources o Thar Coal Pakistan is having one of the largest coal fields in Thar, having reserves of more than 175 billion tones, which exceeds equivalent oil reserves of Saudi Arabia, Iran etc. In addition to power generation, this coal can be used for chemic and fertilizer production. Moreover, employment provided to workforce can be instrumental in increasing GDP and economic prosperity to many a(prenominal) another(prenominal) families. o Hydal power generation Pakistan has potential of hydro resources to generate 41000 to 45000 MW, however, only 6555 MW is currently being generated by this important renewable resource. Four large hydro power dams namely Kalabagh 3600 MW, Bhasha 4500 MW, Bunji 5400 MW and Dasu 3800 MW can be constructed to generate hydro electricity. Similarly, many small to medium hydro plants can be installed on rivers and canals etc. 5. Consequences of Energy C risis i). Economic Factors Energy is pivotal for running all other resources and crisis of energy directly influences all other sectors of the economy.The economic get a enormous is hampered by decline in agricultural productiveness as well as by lame in operations of industries. One important factor of lower GDP and inflation of commodity prices in recent years is attributed to shortfalls in energy supply. ii). Agriculture Sector Agricultural productivity of Pakistan is lessen due to provision of energy for running tube wells, agricultural machinery and production of fertilizers and pesticides. Thus higher energy actor higher agricultural productivity. iii).Industrial Sector Nearly all Industrial units are run with the energy and geological fault in energy supply is having dire consequences on industrial growth. As a result of decline in energy supply, industrial units are not only being opened, but also the brisk industrial units are gradually closing. iv). Unemployment By firmness of purpose of industrial units and less agricultural productivity, new employment opportunities ceased to exist and already employed manpower is snap by the employers to increase their profit ratios. Thus energy crisis contributes towards unemployment. v).Social Issues This factor is primarily related to the domestic usage of energy (cooking, heating and water provision). Load shedding cause unrest and frustration amongst the people and results in agitation against the government. vi). Poverty Declination in economic growth, lower agricultural productivity, unemployment and shackling industrial growth result in increasing poverty. Currently, around forty percent of our population is living beyond poverty line and this ratio is increasing day by day. healthy control of energy crisis will surely yield in moderate the endanger of poverty. 6. ConclusionEnergy Crisis has, more or less, plagued all sectors of Pakistans machinery ranging from economy to industry, agriculture to social life, inflation to poverty and it is hampering national progress in a drastic manner. Nonetheless, menace of energy crisis can be overwhelmed by government through qualification effective policies and its proactive writ of execution. Simultaneously, it is the state of us, the people of Pakistan, to utilize the available energy sagaciously and wisely to play our due role for progress of the country. 7. Recomendations/Solutions of Energy Crisis Energy crisis can be curtailed by ). Reducing unnecessary energy use o Usage of electricity saving devices o ken campaign for energy saving o reduction in unnecessary transportations by developing good public transport musical arrangements and strengthening Pakistan railways o Reduction in industrial uses with installation of effective equipment/ energy efficient and with increasing efficiency of workforce (cost effective) o Decreasing reliance on rental power projects, because instead of doing any good, they are increasing prices of electricity. o Decreasing line losses by using efficient power transmission cables ii).Developing new energy resources o Tapping indigenous resources (Thar coal) o Using renewable resources (water) by constructing new dams and hydro power plants o aftermath of natural gas by IPI (Iran Pakistan India) and TAPI (Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India) rail lines o Import of electricity from Tajikistan -through Pak Afghan Tajikistan transmission- and Iran (approximately 1000 MW from each of them) pipelines o Utilizing alternative energy resources Wind power Biodiesel /Biomass Solar Tidal o Enhancing civilian nuclear capacity ENERGY CRISIS IN PAKISTAN IntroductionPresent scenario of crisis Demand supply gap Counter measures Reasons of energy crisis Unrealistic plans and improper implementation Failure of introducing new projects Underutilization of resources Circular debt International oil prices Provincial prejudices Water shortage Transmission losses Po wer wastage Theft of electric power Accelerating demand Minimal research/exploration Immediate efforts/goals RPPs stabilising industrial sector Limiting commercial supply hours Short term goals Reviving non functional power plants Revamping transmission system Thar coal project IPI gas pipeline project alter/renewable energy sources Long term goals Conforming foreign insurance and energy needs New dams Transparency efficient techniques and usage Measures against power theft Energy crisis in transportation sector Biofuels/synfuels Standard of public transport system Hurdles Lack of will and implementation Corruption and malpractices Trust deficit conclusion It is ostensible that the fortune o f the worlds human populations, for better or for worse, are inextricably interrelated with the use that is made of energy resources. M. baron Hubbert The nexus between economic prosperity and egotism sufficiency in energy has become essentially vital for Pakistan. Toda y the energy crisis looming before us is the culmination of a coarse list of political mischances, malpractices along with inefficient ways of consumption and a perpetually fragile economy. The futility of apparent proceeds measures can be attributed to slow or non existent exploration and exploitation of new resources outdated administrative and skillful systems lack of tactful diplomacy at worldwide level, all requiring immediate attention.Presently, the demand-supply gap in the energy sector has reached one of its highest in the country. This gap subsequently produced huge shortage of power that has adversely abnormal the economy. The crippling economy was further damaged when many industrial units had to be shut down, rendering thousands jobless. Consequently, this on going chain of crises is accelerating inflation. The government has intended to counter it with Rental Power Plants (RPPs) like the previous IPPs and to ease the burden on common man the regime claim to be providing continuous subsidies in the power sector.However, the constant trust deficit on the part of populace is not only due to the hydrofoil core of RPPs, it is majorly due to a constant increase in power sorrows and shortage, revealing an increase in the crisis instead of signs of recovery. If we take a look at the factors contributing to this enormous problem, the first and foremost one comes out to be the absence of any long term planning along with constant exercise of such plans. Sadly, the failures of previous governments to increase the supply of energy by new measures against the escalating demand are glaringly obvious.Small scale projects like the Ghazi barotha only put a temporary halt to the arriving crisis instead of nipping it in the bud. Secondly, the under utilization of available resources- especially hydroelectric one which can produce double the energy it is producing now- is another major setback. The government again fails or neglects to consider the sho rtages in winter and up-gradation of the hydroelectric and the thermal plants regularly. Thirdly, the circular debt is like an invisible impediment subtly fuelling up the crisis.It is an inheritance of former subsidies which the government failed to lucre to the power companies, who in turn could not knuckle under the oil and gas companies for supplies. Add to this the fluctuating internationalistic oil prices and the failing economy_ the war against terrorism and decreasing Foreign Direct investment-worsened the problem and induced further power and imported oil shortage. Subsequently, the political heads had to turn their eyes back to hydroelectric power generation.But the projects like Kalabagh Dam became victims of narrow mindedness and idyl prejudices which led to failure of consensus of opinion. Had the Kalabagh Dam been built on time, we would not be confronted with this crisis today. Also the acute shortage of water the curtailed supply in eastern rivers by India major c onsumption and wastage of water in irrigation and the decreasing capacity of Mangela and Terbela Dams due to sedimentation render the hydroelectric power generation equally problematic as the thermal power generation.Of the chronic factors, the heavy line losses plus the old and poorly maintained transmission system is a grave administrative and technical failure of public sector power companies. These line losses are comparatively very low elsewhere in the world. Similarly, in the industrial and agricultural sectors which avail more than seventy percent of total power, the outdated techniques and malpractices of consumption waste more than a tercet of the consumed power. Moreover, the masses do not remain down in adding to this loss. The theft of electricity, especially in urban areas has become a routine matter.Due to the decades old light that this is a never resultant crisis and no accountability whatsoever, people tend to use unfair operator of obtaining electric power. An other reason is the unprecedented increase in demand of energy. It is due to the cut of enthraling august life style in the past decade. This increase demand by the domestic section has greatly disturbed the usually articulated demand and consumption status. Last but not least, snail paced research, nominal exploitation of new energy reserves and exploration of new oil and gas field change progress in the energy sector.Couple this with the never ending putrefaction and lack of implementation in government and power companies this crisis has become a consistent and self perpetuating one. Seen in this perspective, Pakistan not only needs immediate efforts to reduce the demand-supply gap but also many elaborate and well chalked out immediate, short and long term plans and efforts. Thankfully, some sections in the society are aware of the magnanimity of this dire problem. The RPPs are expected to start working soon and the subsidies in the energy sector are s manger cushioning a t least a part of the blow.But the real issue is of determining priorities and extracting maximum results even from this bleak scenario. property this in view, the first policy of the government should be to supply uninterrupted supply of power to the industrial units, small or big, especially in industrial cities like Faisalabad, Gujaranwala. Also the power supply should be continuous for small local businesses throughout the country. level(p) if it equates to the continuation of the domestic shortage for a while, at least half of the RPPs should be employed for the industrial section.In addition, there are some non-operating power stations in the country which only require a little investment and technical improvements to revive them. such(prenominal) power units should be made effective to blow the economy out of complete doom. Secondly, the markets and shopping centers should be strictly enforced to close their business till 10 pm at night. This save power in different parts of each city can be diverted towards the domestic consumers by means of an effective administrative local system. The media and provincial governments would be of utmost importance in this strategy.The media specially, can acquire public support and educate masses in this regard. Resultantly, they will be able to disengage the trust deficit between the government and the people. access on to the short term goals, the main emphasis should be on the revival of those dead power generation units in Sindh and Punjab which can be made functional again and the systematic up-gradation of thermal and hydroelectric plants. Resultantly, these projects will maintain the smooth flow of energy and will at least prevent any further widening in the demand-supply gap.Similarly, the replenishment of transmission lines to reduce losses should fall under the shelter of the provincial governments and ministries with proper allocation of budget from the center. The replacement of expired transmissio n systems is long overdue. This process essential be gradual and systematic to refrain from bonnie a drain on the resources and it should be initiated from areas most severely hit by energy shortage. by and by curbing and curing the internal ills, the attention should be diverted to exploration of new fossil fuel reserves (natural gas).As the thermally generated accounts for the major share of power in Pakistan, it should be dealt with effectively. Contrary to the deficit of oil reserves, the coal reserves in Pakistan are the guerrilla largest in the world. But the delay in switch over from indigenous energy sources to coal is due to the snail paced progress in the Thar Coal Project that is in collaboration with China. China rocketing economy has driven coal industry into a new era of efficient utilization. Pakistan should take heed from Chinas spokesperson and should gain technical helperance from it. two countries can gather in Gwadar and Thar to explore and exploit new ga s and coal reserves. Coming on to the gas pipeline projects, the IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA (IPI) pipeline is most realistic plausible one presently. It is at an efficiently advanced stage of implementation but has fallen prey to the disagreement in pricing formulas and trust deficit between India and Pakistan. Both the thar coal and IPI project require tactful diplomatic maneuvering and improving ties with India. An agreement between the two countries on IPI will enhance the prospects of resolving the water issue as well.Another aspect of solving this problem is the utilization of alternate and renewable resources of energy. It has been adopted by many developing and developed countries of the country to avert this crisis, such as Brazil, India, U. S. , Holland etc. Pakistan however, lags far behind in this regard. Consequently, some NGOs and public communities have took porta in harnessing the renewable resources of energy such as wind and solar power. Pakistan is ideally situated to make use of both these resources. Isolated cases of developing these modes of energy can be seen in the illages of Thar desert ( solar energy ) and in some areas of Thattha and Karachi ( wind energy ) but it still needs massive government support. Interestingly, the Alternate Energy Development Board (AEDB) of Pakistan has collected data of all areas in the country suitable for making use of these alternate sources of energy but initiative for utilization of these sources are absent. Pakistan can very efficiently make use of its long day light hours and wind power in the coastal region to produce power for upcoming years.Most important in the long term planning and goals must(prenominal) be to streamline the foreign policy of the country correspond to its economic and energy needs. Improving and increasing ties with prospective energy rich countries must not be neglected. As mentioned earlier, China can be a great asset in technical develop and facilities. Similarly, bilateral relations with Russia, Central Asian, East African states needs to be strengthened. These countries are the new energy hubs of the world, and being mostly land locked (C. A. states) can make use of Gwadar port and in return assist Pakistan as well.Taking Provincial prejudices and politics into view, the matters which are crucial for the survival of the country and economy should be kept above such strife. Building new dams, at least Kalabagh dam should be taken on without and delay. Transparency and clarity in the policies and implementation methods of government and public sector power companies is of paramount importance. Without checking corruption and applying stringent measures against malpractices, all well executed policies will ultimately become another drain for the economy.Moreover, educating the stakeholders and workers in the industrial and agricultural sectors on adoption of new and efficient practices of water and energy consumption will tend to reduce the wastage o f energy. The theft of electricity must be considered and declared a heinous umbrage and any violations by domestic or industrial users should be liable to legal penalties and complete power cut off for such consumers. Taking a look at the energy crisis in the transportation sector, there is no doubt that fossil fuels are indeed depleting in the world and of reserves natural gas in Pakistan.To curb the hike in prices and supply shortage , research and exploration of new sites must be given impetus under the patronage of AEDB. Meanwhile, bio fuel ( alcohol or celluloid fuel ) can be produced quite substantially in Pakistan. Raw materials for this fuel being stubble and other cereals are in ample supply in Pakistan. Alcohol can be easily prepared by fermentation of molasses and is already a proper local industry in the country it just needs to be diverted in the right course. Finally, the system and standard of public transport must be improved to discourage the trend of personal vehicles which leads to greater demands of fuel.Making policies has never been the plight of our government. It is the lack of implementation which keeps the wheel of crisis moving. Today our government not only needs to take initiatives and hard decisions it also needs to give a boost to the expiry economy by providing unimpeded supply of power to industries. Secondly, corruption, misuse of funds, malpractices of energy consumption and wastage must b avoided and eradicated at all costs. Last but not least, the public trust and support is of utmost important. No policy can succeed if it doesnt enjoy public support.Media can play an effective role in creating awareness and trust that it is actually a global crisis which can only be resolved with help and conscious effort by each citizen. Conclusively, curbing the energy crisis requires transparent efforts at every level imaginable. The future policies and projects should be so orient as to make Pakistan self sufficient in the en ergy sector. Self sufficiency in the energy sector will be the key to a flourishing economy, and a stable economy can serve as a device of curbing several interlinked adversities. The sooner we realize the gravity of this as a whole, the sooner we will emerge out of this crisis.